ABSTRACT
Background: Squash cytology has shown to be of great value in intraoperative consultations of central nervous system lesions. Intraoperative smear cytology provide a rapid and reliable diagnosis and guidance to the neurosurgeon during surgical resection and lesion targeting. Squash smear technique saves time and amount of tissue needed. Aim: To study the validity of rapid intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system lesions by examining the squash cytologic smears of central nervous system lesions. Materials and methods: A total of 111 cases of intracranial space occupying lesions were studied. This squash smears were prepared from the intraoperative biopsy samples and remaining tissue fixed in formalin and sent for histopathological examination. Squash smears were stained with toluidine blue and rapid haematoxylin and eosin. Squash smear cytological diagnosis was correlated with histopathological findings. Results: Out of 111 cases, in 11 (9.9%) cases showing discordance was observed between squash smear diagnosis and histological diagnosis. In 100 (90.1%) cases, squash smear diagnosis was in accordance with the final histologic diagnosis. Thus the value of squash smear technique in rapid intraoperative diagnosis of neurosurgical biopsies was corroborated by above study and the accuracy of this study match with other studies done in the past on squash smear technique. Conclusion: Squash smear cytology should be used regularly for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system lesions, as squash smear technique is economical, reliable, feasible intraoperative rapid diagnostic method and has a place in determining the immediate management.
ABSTRACT
Background: Evaluation of the reasons of nephrectomy specimens in pediatric age group who presented with severe renal failure or mass lesion, which may be useful in the management of pediatric end stage renal disease. We aimed to evaluate the reasons for nephrectomy in pediatric population and to determine the frequency of various lesions. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study of nephrectomy specimens received in our department during the period of June 2006 to June 2011 (5 years). Reasons of nephrectomy, age and sex of the patients were assessed. Results: Total 36 nephrectomy specimens were analyzed. These included 25 male children, and 11 female child. Age was ranging from 15 days to 16 years. The kidney size was small in most of the patients. The following causes were evaluated by HPE of specimens: Infantile polycystic kidney – 3, Mesoblastic nephroma – 1, Wilm’s tumor – 2, Cystic renal dysplasia – 1, Blunt injury – 4, PUJO with hydronephrosis – 15, Hydronephrosis and chronic pyelonephritis – 10. Conclusion: Nephrectomy in pediatric age group is an ultimate indication which is generally realized in neoplastic involvement of the kidney. Providing histopathological features of nephrectomy specimens and reasons, which could be useful to reduce the incidence of non tumoural nephrectomy in the pediatric population. There is need to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of renal lesion in pediatric age group to prevent nephrectomy